Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Essay Example for Free

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Essay Cardiac arrest is considered as the prime cause of sudden deaths in the modern world, claiming tens of thousands of lives globally each year (http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/mor_car_arr-mortality-cardiac-arrest).   It has been determined that survival rates after cardiac arrest are very low, due to consequent ventricular fibrillation that immediately results in zero cardiac output and death within a few minutes (http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Ventricular-fibrillation).   During cardiac arrest, oxygen flow in the brain in significantly affected and brain damage may possibly occur if no emergency treatment is given as soon as possible. Emergency treatment of cardiac arrest generally involves manual artificial breathing to facilitate oxygen circulation to the brain, as well as chemical and electrical induction of the heart to reinstate its normal beating.   Such emergency procedures mainly aim to provide a way to reoxygenate the brain and to save it from further irreversible damage.   Consequently, reoxygenation also generates free radicals that are responsible in creating a post-resuscitation syndrome, which is characterized by necrosis of different tissues of the patient. The observation that tissues survive at particular hypothermic settings has been evaluated as a promising emergency treatment for cardiac arrest (http://www.rnweb.com/rnweb/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=158218).   Hypothermia involves subjecting the body of an individual in a temperature that is below the normal physiologic temperature.   The effect of hypothermia in protecting the brain from severe and irreversible damage during the non-oxygenated state of cardiac arrest is currently being evaluated, after successful results in dog models.   Several investigations have been conducted on the direct and immediate positive effect of hypothermia in cardiac arrest patients.    A prospective clinical trial involving the use mild resuscitative cerebral hypothermia in 27 cardiac arrest patients for at least 24 hours showed that hypothermia treatment is reliable and safe (Zeiner et al., 2000).   The procedure involved cooling of the entire body, including the head, resulting in a lowering of body temperature within 62 minutes after commencement of hypothermia treatment. It is interesting to note that no further complications associated with the cardiac arrest were observed after the application of hypothermia treatment.   In a separate investigation, 55% of cardiac arrest patients treated with hypothermia was observed to show positive responses to the treatment, as well as a decrease in the mortality rate 6 months after hypothermia treatment, suggesting that hypothermia treatment favors the prevents deleterious brain damage and death among cardiac arrest patients (HACASG, 2002). However, there are also certain issues with regards to the application of hypothermia in cardiac arrest patients that remains unclear and doubtful.   One of these includes the inclusion and exclusion criteria that will determine whether a particular patient will benefit from such treatment (Skowronski, 2005).   This comment is mainly based on the need for personalized treatment of patients because of the recent observation of inter-individual variations in the response to specific treatments. Such observation explains subtle yet significant differences that should be addressed during medication, diagnosis and testing of patients for any type of illness.   With regards to cardiac arrest emergency treatments, it is of prime importance that a patient’s unique physiological, genetic, metabolic and cardiac profile be determined first before subjecting him to hypothermic conditions.   However, this profiling may also pose to be a hindrance during emergency treatment because the survival of the cardiac arrest patient mainly depends on the speed of administration of the treatment to the patient. Specific risks have already been identified to be associated with hypothermia treatment of cardiac arrest patients (http://www.sca-aware.org/sca-treatment.php#treatment3).   The exposure of the patient to cold temperatures at a prolonged duration may cause bleeding or hemorrhage in specific organs of the patients because the cold temperature slows down the blot clotting capability of the platelets.   In addition, a cardiac patient treated with hypothermia may suffer from infection because the immune system is also inhibited by prolonged cold temperatures. An alternative treatment that is parallel to hypothermia has been proposed to be as effective as hypothermia, and possibly much safer than the more radical hypothermic exposure of the cardiac patient to low temperature levels. The alternative treatment involves intravenous introduction of ice-cold fluid to the patient using automated cooling equipment (Bernard, 2005).   Such settings provide the healthcare personnel complete control over the temperature of the intravenous fluid, which plays a vital role in the emergency treatment of the cardiac arrest patients. Until sufficient clinical investigatory information has been collected from comprehensive and comparative studies on the risks and benefits of hypothermia treatment on cardiac arrest patients, it is imperative that healthcare personnel be cautious in administering such rapid and radical treatment to cardiac arrest patients. There have been active requests from the medical research field that such investigations will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms and pathophysiological routes that are involved in the exposure of the body, most specifically the brain and the rest of the central nervous system, to cold temperature during those critical non-oxygenated states (Bernard, 2004). References Bernard (2004):   Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: Hypothermia is now standard care for some types of cardiac arrest.   Med. J. Austral.  Ã‚   181(9):468-469. Bernard SA (2005):   Hypothermia improves outcome from cardiac arrest.   Crit. Care Resusc.   7:325-327. Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Study Group (HACASG) (2002):   Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest.   N. Engl. J. Med.   346(8):549-556. Skowronski GA (2005):   Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest- Not so fast.   Crit. Care Resusc.   7:322-324. Zeiner A, Holzer M, Sterz F, Behringer W, Scho ¨rkhuber W, Mu ¨llner M, Frass M, Siostrzonek P, Ratheiser K, Kaff A and Laggner AN (2000):   Mild resuscitative hypothermia to improve neurological outcome after cardiac arrest: A clinical feasibility trial.   Stroke   31:86-94. http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Ventricular-fibrillation      Ã‚  Ã‚  Nation Master- EncyclopediaVentricular fibrillation http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/mor_car_arr-mortality-cardiac-arrest   Ã‚  Ã‚   Mortality Statistics Cardiac arrest by country http://mweb.com/rnweb/article/articleDetail.jsp?id158219 http://www.sca-aware.org/sca-treatment.php#treatment3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therapeutic Hypothermia

Pro-Life or Pro-Choice: Abortion Analyzed Through the Sociological Le

Throughout the course of history, many sociological issues have become relevant throughout Canada. These issues and their effects on society are part of the reason in which things are they way they are today. This research essay examines one of the most controversial sociological issues in all of history: abortion. To begin, a brief history of abortion in Canada is provided. From there, it discusses and analyzes the many laws or lack thereof regarding abortion in Canada. By analyzing the laws and legislation that has been put in place by Canadian government, it is easy to see how people can assume different positions on this topic. Throughout the first section, it also discusses women’s rights regarding birth and their bodies. Secondly, this research essay takes a look at the stigma surrounding abortion and how that has evolved over the years. By examining the way in which people view abortion, it is easier to understand this controversy and why this is such an issue in Canadi an society today. As well, we are able to examine the factors that cause such a stigma to still be present, such as religion. The next section discusses the services and programs that are available within Canada for Canadian women. These services could not only represent a bias in the healthcare community but also display a correlation between the distances of women from abortion clinics to the amount of abortions per year. Next, this essay examines the political discourse surrounding abortion and the multiple attempts that have been made to change the abortion laws in Canada. Finally, one of the most important sections of this essay discusses the major impact that abortion and abortion conflicts have on society. By viewing this issue through the sociological... ...y of chicago press, 2011, 354 p. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne De Sociologie 50 (1): 116-20. Plumb, Alison. 2013. Research note: A comparison of free vote patterns in westminster-style parliaments. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 51 (2) (April 2013): 254-66. Saurette, Paul, and Kelly Gordon. 2013. Arguing abortion: The new anti-abortion discourse in canada. Canadian Journal of Political Science 46 (1): 157-85. Sethna, Christabelle, and Marion Doull. 2013. Spatial disparities and travel to freestanding abortion clinics in canada. Vol. 38Elsevier. Shaw, Jessica, Tanya Basok, Jeffrey Noonan, Suzan Ilcan, Nicol A. Noel. 2013. Full-spectrum reproductive justice: The affinity of abortion rights and birth activism. Studies in Social Justice 7 (1): 201. Wright, Mills , Charles. Oxford University Press. The Sociological Imagination. 1959

Kenworth Motors Case Study Essays and Term Papers

Read â€Å"Kenworth Motors† beginning on p. 212 of Cummings & Worley (2009) and answer the four questions at the end of the case.1. How well the OD consultant did prepares for the meeting with Denton? I do not believe that the OS consultant was quite prepared for the meeting. He stated that he was about to talk to a man and go to a firm that he knew nothing much about. He did have a little bit of facts about his title and his job tenure. But one thing is that he knew that it was Kenworth Motors’ Seattle truck manufacturing operations.He did not have agenda of what the business was all about and he was not focused about the agenda. Would you have done anything differently? Yes I would. If I knew that I was going on an appointment and I did not know anything about the firm or the person that I was going to see. I would have prepared myself a little better than that. I would have tried to find out more information about Mr. Denton, and I would have done a research about Ke nworth Motors’ Seattle truck manufacturing operations.2. In the discussion between the OD consultant and Denton, what was effective and ineffective about the consultant’s behavior? One thing about the OD consultant is that when he had the interview with Mr. Denton he had a change to ask Mr. Denton question first about the plant and products. Denton was able to talk about 10 or 12 minutes on different topic—daily production rate of 23 trucks, the cost of the truck, the sales order backlog, some equipment updating just finished, his coming to this job from a plant in the Midwest, his spending a lot of time lately with the next year’s budget.This was effective because OD consultant was able to learn some things about Mr. Denton and the firm that he did not knew. They were able to communicate effectively with one another. Bob and the OD consultant both had a positive attitude. The ineffective about the consultant’s behavior is that he was trying to fin d out everything about Mr. Denton and the firm as much as he can. The OD consultant caught himself going on with more question. He was looking for Mr. Denton to tell him something were wrong about the company, but he really did not have much to say what was wrong.3. How effective was the contracting process described in the last part of the case? The contracting was very effective; Bob seemed to be very open with the OD consultant. Bob was able to agree with the OD consultant about staying on a retreat for the weekend, once a month. This would give the department managers a change to get acquainted with each other. Also, the OD consultant stated that going on this retreat would not cause them to lose time off from work and it would not cost a lot of money.They still will be working all day on Saturday with appropriate breaks, and conclude by noon on Sunday. What is the scope and clarity of the agreement? The scope and clarity of the agreement is that the OD consultant must make sure that he agreed to have a retreat weekend a month-and-a-half. Also they agreed to use the phrase â€Å"a communications workshop† when he informed the participants.4. How would you design the upcoming retreat? I would continue to have a weekend and-a-half day retreat. I would recommend that we developed some kind of strategies to help manager to become more effective.On my agenda, I would include communicating, problem solving, time management, stress management and decision making. I would like to make it a fun retreat even though it is work related. I would not want to work at all of the retreat; I would like to go to a hotel where they served breakfast, lunch and dinner. Also at the end of the retreat, I would like to have someone teach us the importance of getting proper rest and exercise prior to going to work and after that have an exercise workout. This can help relieved some work related stress.

A Short Note On Trauma And Stress Related Disorder

Client Concerning Issue: Je’Meya has been diagnosed with unspecified trauma and stress related disorder, due to the impacts of severe bullying that faced as well as witnessing that domestic violence and lack of proper conflict resolution skills that occurred between her parents. Je’Meya lacks conflict resolution skills and understanding how to deal with her anger in an appropriate way. These issues have been ongoing with Je’Meya, but when Je’Meya had an incident on the school bus the issue was really brought to the forefront because of the legal complications that went along with her actions.Since being bullied at her old school and on the school bus Je’Meya’s mom has described her as irritable and moody. She often times does not get†¦show more content†¦Evidence Based Intervention Strategies: A. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Treating Anxiety: Cognitive Behavioral therapy has been proven to be an effective treatment for anxiety and stress related disorders in adolescents. According to the Behaviour Research and Therapy Journal â€Å"Treatment gains have been maintained for up to 19 years post-treatment†. In one study conducted by this journal the effectiveness of individual vs. group CBT was examined. The following information is from An effectiveness Study of individual vs. group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders in Youth. Participants: †¢182 youth between 8-15 years of age that were recruited from referrals to public health outpatient clinics from 2008-2010 Measures: †¢Generalized Anxiety Disorder assessments †¢Development and Well-Being Assessments †¢Spence Children s Anxiety Scale †¢Short Mood and Feelings questionnaire Results: The study suggests that both individual and group CBT are effective. It was stated that â€Å"Both treatment approaches resulted in significant improvements evident from diagnostic outcomes and symptom measures. B. Social Skills Training (SST)- According to the Journal of Negro Education (1996) â€Å"Complex urban environmental stressors such as family and community violence, victimization, and poverty contribute to feelings of low self-worth, anger, hopelessness, and aggression among youth who live in these communities†. InShow MoreRelatedAssessment And Treatment Of Combat Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment and Treatment of Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder The number of veterans returning from the Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), and Operation New Dawn (OND) conflicts that are afflicted with posttraumatic stress disorder is estimated to be in the hundreds of thousands (Kip, et al., 2013, p. 1298), demonstrating the importance of the social worker to be knowledgeable of the symptoms and treatment of this disabling trauma. 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